init: stock buddy v5 完整回测系统
三版本 A/B/C 止损策略对比回测 - A: 固定止损 12% - B: ATR x2.5 动态止损 - C: 混合自适应（低波动固定8%/中波动ATR×2.5/高波动ATR×2.0） 含仓位分级、成交量确认、CSV缓存机制 已验证三只港股持仓：01833 / 09886 / 09982 待补全：data/1833.csv 和 data/9886.csv（在外网运行 download_data.py）
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Stock Buddy
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stock_backtest_v3_ab.py
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stock_backtest_v3_ab.py
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"""
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港股 AI 综合评分系统 v3 - A/B 回测对比
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A: 原版（固定阈值 + 全仓）
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B: 优化版（移动止损 + 仓位分级 + 成交量确认）
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"""
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import yfinance as yf
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import pandas as pd
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import numpy as np
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import time
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import warnings
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warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
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# ── 参数 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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STOCKS = {
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"平安好医生": "1833.HK",
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"叮当健康": "9886.HK",
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"中原建业": "9982.HK",
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}
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PERIOD = "2y"
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INITIAL_CAPITAL = 10000.0 # HKD
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W_TECH = 0.50
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W_FUNDAMENTAL = 0.30
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W_SENTIMENT = 0.20
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# 版本 A：固定阈值
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A_BUY_THRESH = 1.5
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A_SELL_THRESH = -1.5
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# 版本 B：优化参数
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B_BUY_THRESH = 1.5 # 买入阈值不变
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B_SELL_THRESH = -1.5 # 评分卖出阈值
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B_TRAILING_STOP = 0.12 # 移动止损：从最高点回撤12%触发卖出
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B_VOL_CONFIRM = 1.2 # 成交量确认：买入日成交量需 > 20日均量 × 1.2
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# 仓位分级（按综合评分）
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def position_ratio(score):
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if score >= 5: return 1.0 # 满仓
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elif score >= 3: return 0.6 # 六成仓
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else: return 0.3 # 三成仓
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# ── 快照数据 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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FUNDAMENTAL_TIMELINE = {
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"平安好医生": [
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{"from": "2024-01-01", "score": -3.0},
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{"from": "2024-08-01", "score": -1.0},
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{"from": "2025-01-01", "score": 0.0},
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{"from": "2025-08-01", "score": 1.0},
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],
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"叮当健康": [
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{"from": "2024-01-01", "score": -3.0},
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{"from": "2024-06-01", "score": -2.0},
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{"from": "2025-01-01", "score": -1.0},
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{"from": "2025-09-01", "score": 1.0},
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],
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"中原建业": [
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{"from": "2024-01-01", "score": -3.0},
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{"from": "2024-06-01", "score": -4.0},
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{"from": "2025-01-01", "score": -4.0},
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{"from": "2025-10-01", "score": -5.0},
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],
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}
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SENTIMENT_TIMELINE = {
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"平安好医生": [
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{"from": "2024-01-01", "score": -1.0},
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{"from": "2024-10-01", "score": 1.0},
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{"from": "2025-01-01", "score": 2.0},
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{"from": "2026-01-01", "score": 3.0},
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],
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"叮当健康": [
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{"from": "2024-01-01", "score": -2.0},
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{"from": "2024-08-01", "score": -1.0},
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{"from": "2025-04-01", "score": 1.0},
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{"from": "2025-10-01", "score": 2.0},
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],
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"中原建业": [
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{"from": "2024-01-01", "score": -2.0},
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{"from": "2024-06-01", "score": -3.0},
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{"from": "2025-01-01", "score": -3.0},
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{"from": "2025-10-01", "score": -4.0},
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],
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}
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# ── 工具函数 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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def get_snapshot(timeline, date):
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score = timeline[0]["score"]
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for e in timeline:
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if str(date.date()) >= e["from"]:
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score = e["score"]
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else:
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break
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return score
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def calc_rsi(s, p=14):
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d = s.diff()
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g = d.clip(lower=0).ewm(com=p-1, min_periods=p).mean()
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l = (-d.clip(upper=0)).ewm(com=p-1, min_periods=p).mean()
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return 100 - 100 / (1 + g / l)
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def calc_macd(s, fast=12, slow=26, sig=9):
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ef = s.ewm(span=fast, adjust=False).mean()
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es = s.ewm(span=slow, adjust=False).mean()
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m = ef - es
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sl = m.ewm(span=sig, adjust=False).mean()
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return m, sl, m - sl
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def score_tech(row):
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s = 0
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if row.RSI < 30: s += 3
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elif row.RSI < 45: s += 1
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elif row.RSI > 70: s -= 3
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elif row.RSI > 55: s -= 1
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if row.MACD_h > 0 and row.MACD_h_p <= 0: s += 3
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elif row.MACD_h < 0 and row.MACD_h_p >= 0: s -= 3
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elif row.MACD_h > 0: s += 1
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else: s -= 1
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if row.MA5 > row.MA20 > row.MA60: s += 2
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elif row.MA5 < row.MA20 < row.MA60: s -= 2
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if row.Close > row.MA20 and row.Close_p <= row.MA20_p: s += 1
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elif row.Close < row.MA20 and row.Close_p >= row.MA20_p: s -= 1
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return float(np.clip(s, -10, 10))
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def prepare_df(ticker):
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df = yf.download(ticker, period=PERIOD, auto_adjust=True, progress=False)
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if df.empty or len(df) < 60:
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return None
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if isinstance(df.columns, pd.MultiIndex):
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df.columns = df.columns.droplevel(1)
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c = df["Close"]
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df["RSI"] = calc_rsi(c)
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_, _, h = calc_macd(c)
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df["MACD_h"] = h
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df["MACD_h_p"] = h.shift(1)
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for p in [5, 20, 60]:
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df[f"MA{p}"] = c.rolling(p).mean()
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df["MA20_p"] = df["MA20"].shift(1)
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df["Close_p"] = c.shift(1)
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df["Vol20"] = df["Volume"].rolling(20).mean() # 20日均量
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return df.dropna()
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# ── 版本 A：原版回测 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
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def run_A(name, df):
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capital, position, entry_price = INITIAL_CAPITAL, 0, 0.0
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trades = []
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for date, row in df.iterrows():
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f = get_snapshot(FUNDAMENTAL_TIMELINE[name], date)
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s = get_snapshot(SENTIMENT_TIMELINE[name], date)
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t = score_tech(row)
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score = W_TECH * t + W_FUNDAMENTAL * f + W_SENTIMENT * s
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price = float(row["Close"])
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if score >= A_BUY_THRESH and position == 0 and capital > price:
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shares = int(capital / price)
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position, entry_price = shares, price
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capital -= shares * price
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trades.append(("买入", date.date(), price, shares, round(score,2), None))
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elif score <= A_SELL_THRESH and position > 0:
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pnl = position * (price - entry_price)
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capital += position * price
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trades.append(("卖出", date.date(), price, position, round(score,2),
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f"{pnl/abs(position*entry_price)*100:+.1f}%"))
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position = 0
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last = float(df["Close"].iloc[-1])
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total = capital + position * last
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if position > 0:
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pnl = position * (last - entry_price)
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trades.append(("未平仓", "持仓中", last, position, "-",
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f"{pnl/abs(position*entry_price)*100:+.1f}%"))
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return total, trades
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# ── 版本 B：优化版回测 ───────────────────────────────────────────────
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def run_B(name, df):
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capital, position, entry_price = INITIAL_CAPITAL, 0, 0.0
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highest_price = 0.0 # 持仓期间最高价（移动止损用）
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trades = []
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for date, row in df.iterrows():
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f = get_snapshot(FUNDAMENTAL_TIMELINE[name], date)
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s = get_snapshot(SENTIMENT_TIMELINE[name], date)
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t = score_tech(row)
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score = W_TECH * t + W_FUNDAMENTAL * f + W_SENTIMENT * s
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price = float(row["Close"])
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vol = float(row["Volume"])
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vol20 = float(row["Vol20"])
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# ── 买入逻辑（加成交量确认）──
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if score >= B_BUY_THRESH and position == 0 and capital > price:
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vol_ok = vol >= vol20 * B_VOL_CONFIRM # 成交量放大确认
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if vol_ok:
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ratio = position_ratio(score) # 仓位分级
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invest = capital * ratio
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shares = int(invest / price)
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if shares > 0:
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position, entry_price = shares, price
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highest_price = price
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capital -= shares * price
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trades.append(("买入", date.date(), price, shares,
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round(score,2), f"仓位{ratio*100:.0f}%", f"量比{vol/vol20:.1f}x"))
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# ── 持仓管理 ──
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elif position > 0:
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highest_price = max(highest_price, price)
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trailing_triggered = price <= highest_price * (1 - B_TRAILING_STOP)
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score_triggered = score <= B_SELL_THRESH
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if trailing_triggered or score_triggered:
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reason = f"移动止损({price:.3f}≤{highest_price*(1-B_TRAILING_STOP):.3f})" \
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if trailing_triggered else f"评分卖出({score:.1f})"
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pnl = position * (price - entry_price)
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capital += position * price
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trades.append(("卖出", date.date(), price, position,
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round(score,2), reason,
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f"{pnl/abs(position*entry_price)*100:+.1f}%"))
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position, highest_price = 0, 0.0
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last = float(df["Close"].iloc[-1])
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total = capital + position * last
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if position > 0:
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pnl = position * (last - entry_price)
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trades.append(("未平仓", "持仓中", last, position, "-", "-",
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f"{pnl/abs(position*entry_price)*100:+.1f}%"))
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return total, trades
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# ── 主流程 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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def run_ab_test(name, ticker):
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print(f"\n{'='*68}")
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print(f" {name} ({ticker})")
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print(f"{'='*68}")
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df = prepare_df(ticker)
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if df is None:
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print(" ⚠️ 数据不足，跳过")
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return None
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first_price = float(df["Close"].iloc[0])
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last_price = float(df["Close"].iloc[-1])
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bh_return = (last_price / first_price - 1) * 100
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total_A, trades_A = run_A(name, df)
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total_B, trades_B = run_B(name, df)
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ret_A = (total_A - INITIAL_CAPITAL) / INITIAL_CAPITAL * 100
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ret_B = (total_B - INITIAL_CAPITAL) / INITIAL_CAPITAL * 100
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print(f"\n 【版本A 原版】交易记录:")
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for t in trades_A:
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print(f" {str(t[1]):<12} {t[0]:<4} 价:{t[2]:.4f} 股:{t[3]:>6} 分:{t[4]} {t[5] or ''}")
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print(f"\n 【版本B 优化版】交易记录:")
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for t in trades_B:
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extra = " ".join(str(x) for x in t[5:] if x)
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print(f" {str(t[1]):<12} {t[0]:<4} 价:{t[2]:.4f} 股:{t[3]:>6} 分:{t[4]} {extra}")
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print(f"\n {'':20} {'版本A(原版)':>12} {'版本B(优化)':>12} {'买入持有':>10}")
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print(f" {'策略总收益':<20} {ret_A:>+11.1f}% {ret_B:>+11.1f}% {bh_return:>+9.1f}%")
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print(f" {'超额收益α':<20} {ret_A-bh_return:>+11.1f}% {ret_B-bh_return:>+11.1f}%")
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print(f" {'交易次数':<20} {len([t for t in trades_A if t[0] in ('买入','卖出')]):>12} "
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f"{len([t for t in trades_B if t[0] in ('买入','卖出')]):>12}")
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print(f" {'B vs A 提升':<20} {'':>12} {ret_B-ret_A:>+11.1f}%")
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return {"name": name, "A": ret_A, "B": ret_B, "BH": bh_return,
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"A_trades": len([t for t in trades_A if t[0] in ('买入','卖出')]),
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"B_trades": len([t for t in trades_B if t[0] in ('买入','卖出')])}
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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print("\n🔬 港股 AI 评分系统 A/B 回测对比")
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print(" A: 固定阈值 + 全仓出入")
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print(" B: 移动止损12% + 仓位分级(30/60/100%) + 成交量确认(1.2x)")
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print(f" 数据周期: {PERIOD} | 初始资金: HKD {INITIAL_CAPITAL:,.0f}/股\n")
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results = []
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for i, (name, ticker) in enumerate(STOCKS.items()):
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if i > 0: time.sleep(5)
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r = run_ab_test(name, ticker)
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if r: results.append(r)
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if results:
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print(f"\n{'='*68}")
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print(" 📋 A/B 汇总对比")
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print(f"{'='*68}")
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print(f" {'股票':<12} {'A收益':>9} {'B收益':>9} {'买持':>9} {'B-A':>8} {'A笔数':>6} {'B笔数':>6}")
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print(f" {'-'*64}")
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for r in results:
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winner = "B✅" if r["B"] > r["A"] else "A✅"
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print(f" {r['name']:<12} {r['A']:>+8.1f}% {r['B']:>+8.1f}% {r['BH']:>+8.1f}% "
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f"{r['B']-r['A']:>+7.1f}% {r['A_trades']:>6} {r['B_trades']:>6} {winner}")
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avg_a = np.mean([r["A"] for r in results])
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avg_b = np.mean([r["B"] for r in results])
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avg_bh = np.mean([r["BH"] for r in results])
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print(f" {'平均':<12} {avg_a:>+8.1f}% {avg_b:>+8.1f}% {avg_bh:>+8.1f}% {avg_b-avg_a:>+7.1f}%")
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print()
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